Milan's Rationalist buildings showcase a movement fueled by innovation and experimentation, and not just facist ideology. To appreciate Milan's architectural landscape, one needs to take an objective perspective. The case of Italian Rationalism under autarky (self-sufficiency) in the 1930s is a prime example. By examining the design choices made under these constraints, we gain a deeper understanding of the period's architectural language.
Autarky forced Italian architects and designers to rethink their materials and processes. Cut off from traditional sources, they embraced experimentation. This period saw the rise of innovative materials like composite marble dust for cladding, lightweight steel structures, and even "coral" composites mimicking natural textures.
This focus on new materials is evident in the Armani Hotel on via Manzoni by Enrico Griffini (1937). Ignoring the fascist symbolism, the building's clean lines, geometric forms, and cohesive use of different materials exemplify the quintessential Rationalist style.
However, it's important not to forget Milan's historical context during the industrial period. The Valsecchi Palace on via dei Gesu is a noteworthy example. Here, functionality and a cohesive overall design (Gesamtkunstwerk) served the bourgeoisie's desire to showcase wealth, heritage all with a touch of restraint. This building highlights the mastery of Milanese bourgeoisie in managing the tension between modernist ideals and perserving the country's rich heritage; an artform that dominates the philosophy of architecture and product design in Milan.
The Rationalist movement was therefore not a bubble. It arose from specific historical influences that dated back to the industrial period. By understanding its context, we can gain a richer appreciation for Milan's footprint in modern architecture.
Interested in learning more? 72 Smalldive offers a "Tradition & Avant Garde" tour that delves into Milan's architectural legacy, exploring the city's transformation into a modern metropolis. This tour can help you decipher the fascinating interplay between tradition and innovation that continues to shape Milan's cityscape.